trees :: essays research papers

Trees are terrific. They cover the world and provide air and beauty for all to enjoy. Yes indeed trees are terrific. There are many uses for trees and their byproducts. Everywhere we look there are trees or some kind of shrub that always give us something to look at.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trees make life more pleasant. They make the world beautiful. When we go and lay in parks where there are lots of trees we feel peaceful, at ease, and most of all happy. Trees make life more pleasant. Trees make people more at ease and have also shown that hospital patients recover faster when they around trees. People have strong ties with trees. Some people always remember that one tree that they grew up around and never forget it for as long as they live. The strength that trees have gives people a feeling of self strength to help them get through everyday life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of trees are private property, but that does not mean that they are not part of the community also. Since trees are everywhere, there is a lot of planning that goes into the placement of trees so that they benefit everyone. Trees provide people with privacy for their homes and yards. Trees also serve an architectural function as well. Many architects use trees to improve the looks of a businesses and public areas to make people more at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trees also benefit the environment. They alter the environment in which we live by moderating the climate, improving the air quality, conserving our water source and harboring wildlife. They take in energy from the sun, block the wind, and rain. Trees also control the temperature. In the vicinity of trees is cooler than that away from trees. The larger the tree, the greater the cooling, the better a person feels because they are not in the sun. Air quality is also improved through the use of trees, shrubs and turf. Leaves filter the air we breathe by removing the dust and other particles from the air.

The Nature of Death in Emily Dickinsons Poems Essay -- Poetry Analysi

Emily Dickinson once said, â€Å"Dying is a wild night and a new road.† Some people welcome death with open arms while others cower in fear when confronted in the arms of death. Through the use of ambiguity, metaphors, personification and paradoxes Emily Dickinson still gives readers a sense of vagueness on how she feels about dying. Emily Dickinson inventively expresses the nature of death in the poems, â€Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain (280)†, â€Å"I Heard a fly Buzz—When I Died—(465)â€Å" and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death—(712)†. Emily Dickinson, who achieved more fame after her death, is said to be one of the greatest American poets of all time. Dickinson communicated through letters and notes and according to Amy Paulson Herstek, author of â€Å"Emily Dickinson: Solitary and Celebrated Poet,† â€Å"Writing was the way she kept in touch with the world† (15). Dickinson’s style is unique and although unconventional, it led to extraordinary works of literature. Dickinson lived her life in solitude, but in her solitude she was free to read, write and think which led to her nonconformity and strong sense of individualism. Suzanne Juhasz, a biographer of Dickinson, sums up most critics’ idea of Dickinson ideally: â€Å"Emily Dickinson is at once the most intimate of poets, and the most guarded. The most self-sufficient, and the neediest. The proudest, and the most vulnerable. These contradictions, which we as her readers encounter repeatedly in her poems, are understandable, not parado xical, for they result from the tension between the life to which she was born and the one to which she aspired† (1). Dickinson poured her heart and soul into over 1,700 poems, 600 of which relate to death. Paul J. Ferlazzo, a contributing author of â€Å"Emily Dickinson† write... ...d A. Walton Litz. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1991. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. Hochman, Jhan. â€Å"Critical Essay on ‘I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—‘.† Poetry for Students. Mary K. Ruby. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. Morningstar, Carolyn. â€Å"’Uncertain stumbling buzz’: Carolyn Morningstar explores creative uncertainty in Emily Dickinson’s poetry.† The English Review Feb. 2007: 21+. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 16 Apr. 2011. Semansky, Chris. â€Å"An overview of Because I Could Not Stop for Death†.† Poetry for Students. Detroit: Gale. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. Zarlengo, Kristina. â€Å"Critical Essay on ‘I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—‘.† Poetry for Students. Mary K. Ruby. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Apr. 2011.

Anna Historic and Ravensong

Ana Historic is a poetic novel about a woman named Annie who discovers Mrs. Richards, a woman of no history, in Vancouver’s civic archives. Annie becomes obsessed with the possibilities of Mrs. Richards’ life. The novel is written by Daphne Marlatt, a Canadian poet. Ravensong is a fictional novel about a seventeen year-old native girl who tries to bridge the gap between the traditional ways of her Native village and white society’s invasive new values. Ravensong is written by Lee Maracle, a First Nations writer and poet. Both of these novels have brought forth important issues pertaining to Women’s and Gender Studies such as colonialism, sexuality, fear of violence, and lesbianism. This paper will focus on the topic of sexuality and colonialism. These two novels have further educated me on many things. For example, after reading Ana Historic, I discovered that there are various narrative forms and styles other than traditional European models. Daphne Marlatt uses writing styles such as ecriture feminine; in which feminist writers â€Å"try to use their own bodies as a source for writing† (Sand 10) and gynesis, which is an â€Å"aesthetic strategy which puts gender, sexuality and maternity into public discourse† (Sand 10). I also learned how femininity is constructed in a white middle class environment through what is considered appropriate conduct for a woman (Sand 10). After reading Ravensong, I discovered that in traditional aboriginal culture, men never entered the house of single women without a man being present (Maracle 103). This novel has also taught me about the important role of Raven, the trickster who is used to dissolve the boundaries between Native and white culture (Sand 20). The novels are very different in terms of narrative styles, point-of-views, time periods, and how lesbianism and the role of nature play out in the story. Daphne Marlatt uses a postmodern narrative style, while Lee Maracle uses a combination of aboriginal and European narrative approaches. Ravensong is written from the point-of-view of a young native woman, whereas Ana Historic is written from the outlook of a white, middle-class woman. Lesbianism plays out differently in each novel. In Ana Hisotric, Annie slowly comes to terms with her sexuality and eventually realizes that she is a lesbian. In Ravensong, Stacey’s friends Rena and German Judy are a lesbian couple. The role of nature in Ravensong is indivisible from human life and landscape (Sand 20), where as in Ana Historic it is a place of comfort and cause of fear (Sand 20). Ravensong takes place in the 1950s and Ana Historic takes place mostly in the 1950s and 1870s (Mrs. Richards). Colonialism and sexuality are topics which are closely correlated. They are both about dominance, regulation, discourse and race. Sexuality is defined as the historical organization and regulation of desire and sexual practices into social identities that are constructed as if they emerge from nature (Sand 18). Daphne Marlatt and Lee Maracle deal with this subject in very different ways. In Ravensong, sexuality is associated with shame and suicide. In Ana historic, sexuality is associated with mothering and lesbianism. Colonialism is the extension of a nation’s sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settle colonies or creating administrative dependencies in which native or indigenous populations are directly ruled (Patel 8). Ravensong is written from the perspective of colonized people whereas Ana Historic is written from the standpoint of the colonizers. In the novel Ana Historic, Ina’s mothering impacts Annie’s perception of sexuality. Ina taught her daughters sexuality was something to be afraid of â€Å"you taught us your fear, you taught us what you knew about a world where even uncles were not to be trusted. you grew more afraid as our sexuality came budding to the fore†¦ † (Marlatt 34). Annie tries to write herself out of the patriarchal limitations of heterosexuality that have bounded her mother Ina to a life of domesticity. She does this by freeing herself from her role as supportive house wife and re-writing her relationship with Ina (Sand 10). Annie realizes that feminine behaviour is not actually something natural and inevitable but it is rather an unnatural social construction. Annie writes â€Å"†¦ you taught me the uneasy hole in myself and how to cover it up – cover girl, the great cover-story women inherit in fashion and makeup. You taught me how i was supposed to look, the feminine act† (Marlatt 61). Annie also recognizes â€Å"the inheritance of mothers† (Maralatt 60) that passes on sexual repression from generation to generation. For instance, Ina says to Annie, â€Å"what do you know about repression? you were hardly a virgin when you married, were you? I didn’t know the first thing about sex – your grandmother simply refused to discuss it, though i begged her† (Marlatt 60). Marlatt avoids heteronormativity which is a belief and a set of cultural/institutional practices that enforce heterosexuality as dominant, essential and natural (Sand 18), by creating a sexualized lesbian relationship between Annie and her friend Zoe. While creating a life for Mrs. Richards, Annie begins to realize that she is attracted to Zoe and she writes her into the story by creating a character named Birdie Stewart. Annie writes about the sexual desire she feels for Zoe in her imagined life of Mrs. Richards, â€Å"you turn intrigued, and your body turning in its long skirt, is caught in the act, you have caught yourself turning in Birdie’s eyes† (Marlatt 109). Annie’s inherent fear of sexuality surfaces in her imagined life for Mrs. Richard. Birdie recognizes Mrs. Richards fear of her own sexual identity, she says, â€Å"but you’re afraid my dear, afraid of your own twat† (Marlatt 135). She addresses her fear of lesbian sexuality when she says â€Å"You fear what you want. ’†¦ ‘am I right, my love? † (Marlatt 139). Mrs. Richards is suddenly rushed with desire, she admits the truth of it and feels it written across her face (Marlatt 139). Annie finally gives in to her sexual desire for Zoe and the novel ends with a climatic sexual poem. Annie’s lesbian sexuality surfaces as a result of the decolonization process Marlatt inscribes for Annie and Mrs. Richards (Sand 10). In her novel Narrative Deconstructions of Gender, Caroline Rosenthal defines sexual decolonization as a debate on whether â€Å"women are colonized by compulsory heterosexuality in ways only decolonizing strategies and the practice of critical consciousness can undo† (106). Marlatt deviates from the sexual oppression of middle-class white women by revisioning a lesbian life for Mrs. Richards. The problem of the intersection of women and the oppression of the indigenous briefly surfaces in Ana Historic. While Mrs. Richards is walking through the woods she comes across two Siwash men who are simply passing by. Where they drunk?†¦ Perhaps they were furious and meant to do her harm† (Marlatt 41). The assumptions that Mrs. Richards makes about these men are related to negative stereotypes such as the â€Å"drunken squaw† that colonizers created to justify taking over Native land (Anderson 229). In the beginning of the novel Ravensong, Stacey learns that one of her white classmates, Polly, committed suicide. Polly has killed herself in response to the shame she felt about being publicly identified as having been sexually active with another boy in Stacey’s class. Stacey becomes very angry with the reactions of some of her classmates to Polly’s â€Å"lack of chastity† (Maracle 28). â€Å"She couldn’t believe how small and mean they all were. So what if Polly had a little fun last night? Big deal! † (Maracle 28) Stacey does not understand the social disapproval of Polly because in her culture sexuality is seen with humour and is openly joked about. For example, Ella the village elder asks Stacey â€Å"What you going to save me for, have another baby? † The women respond with laughter saying â€Å"Sure, why not Ella. You probably still like trying. They were on a roll, ribbing Ella about her zeal for men† (Maracle 50). Raven pushes Stacey to come to grips with the loss of her classmate by guiding her to explore Polly’s culture and history. â€Å"Wander around Polly’s insides, feel your way through decades, generations of lostness† (Marlatt 39). In doing so Stacey discovers that white culture views sexuality very differently than her own culture. She realizes that Polly had a violent home life and that white town had no support for Polly’s mother. â€Å"In the end what struck her about Judy’s narrative was the lack of support in the white community for Polly’s mom. Where was the family in all this? † (Marlatt 81) Stacey is surprised by this because in her culture sexuality is natural, a part of everyday life. â€Å"People love, laugh and have babies† (Marlattt 71). In her thesis Rebelling against discourses of denial and destruction, Rachel Deutsch writes that â€Å"in European ideology, sexuality and sexual acts, especially involving women, were seen as deviant† (30). This ideology starts to influence Stacey to reject some aspects of her own culture such as the anger and disgust she feels towards her mother for wanting to remain sexual after the death of her husband. In Kim Anderson’s article, The construction of a Negative Identity, she states that colonizers created a negative sexual identity for Native women in order to justify â€Å"taking over Indian land† (229). The â€Å"dirty squaw† image made it easier to â€Å"cover up the reality of Native women who were merely struggling with the increasingly inhuman conditions on reserve† (Anderson 231). This negative sexual identity presents itself in the novel when Stacey talks about the racism she experiences at school. â€Å"A few of them hurled insults and racial epithets at her, whispered ‘cleutch’ as she passed them†¦ (Maracle 69). A cleutch refers to a Native female’s private parts. Colonialism first presents itself at the very beginning of the novel when Celia sees a tall ship approaching the village filled with men. In this moment, Celia feels the impending doom of colonialism on her people and culture. â€Å"Fear, cold and thin, wove itself into Celia’s self† (Maracle 10). Another instance of colonialism experienced by the village lies in the general indifference of white town towards the flu epidemic that takes many Native lives. Colonialism also surfaces in the relationship between Stacey and Steve, a white boy from her class. Colonialism led to the eradication and destruction of aboriginal cultures which assist in the explanation on why the doctors of white town were unwilling to treat the villagers. Stacey believes it is because their lives are deemed less valuable. â€Å"Under the shabby arguments about hospitals being full and doctors already overworked lay an unspoken assumption: white folks are more deserving†¦ † (Maracle 69). Stacey sees Steve and other white people as controlling oppressors. She resists white power (colonization) many times throughout the book. Stacey resists her teachers’ authority and she also resists Steve’s desire for her. â€Å"The slave had just given an order to the master, which made him an ex-master. Neither man knew what it was to be an ex-master, so both were confused and hurt† (Maracle 75). Her growing frustration for white town’s lack of compassion towards suffering villagers is obvious in her attitude towards Steve. Stacey can no longer stand the racism and she tells Steve exactly how she feels. She tells him that he will never know what her and her people have gone through and asks him â€Å"How did it feel to watch us die, Steve? † (Maracle 186). Steve leaves in shame and Stacey realizes that he was not for her. Ana Historic and Ravensong have taught me several things that I was unaware of before reading them. I have learned that there exists many different writing styles and narrative approaches such as ecriture feminine and gynesis used by Daphne Marlatt and the conventions of Native orature (Sand 20) used by Lee Maracle. I’ve learned how femininity is constructed in Ana Historic and about the important role that Raven plays in Ravensong. Marlatt and Maracle deal with colonialism and sexuality throughout the novel in a way which allows the reader to self-reflect on their own positions and understandings of these topics. Non-Native readers are removed from their usual hegemonic position by Stacey’s objectification of white town in Ravensong (Sand 20). Marlatt’s experimentation with language challenges the reader to both examine and interpret the world in a different way. What impacted me the most about Ana Historic is Daphne Marlatt’s theory and practice of fictionalysis which is a combination of fiction and analysis used as a means to explore self-identity. Marlatt starts with facts from her own life and from history and uses her imagination to create an intersecting territory where â€Å"fact and fiction co-exist† (Sand 10). I enjoyed how she used this style in Annie’s reconstruction of traditional history through the life she makes up for Mrs. Richards. The role that Raven plays in the novel is what impacted me most about Ravensong. Raven acknowledges the gulf between white town and the village and knows that it needs to be bridged in order to prevent further catastrophe. Raven brings the plague of the flu epidemic in attempt to expose white town to the diversity of the world and to teach them to work together. The inability of white town to grasp the lesson leads to the destruction of the indigenous community. Both novels bring important issues and concerns to women and gender studies and I really appreciate the different perspective that each novel has given me. Ana Historic and Ravensong have contributed important lessons, concepts and theories to this course.

Language

To have another language is to possess a second soul. † said Charlemagne, which may sound like a clich © but is actually very accurate. I believe that learning a language expands our life views and provides us some significant opportunities. Firstly, I strongly believe that the language we learn directly affects our way of thinking as we start to think in that particular language.For example Turkish is my mother tongue and I am learning English as a second language, so I know that there s not exact translation for most of the words from Turkish to English. In this situation if I think like a Turkish, I will probably be misunderstood and cannot state my ideas clearly. So I have to think like an American when I am speaking English to appropriately express my thoughts. This way I will have a different way of thinking of a different culture and I can get to know that culture better.I think this experience ives me a second identity, and this second identity diversifies the way I l ook at the things as well as my knowledge. In other words, I become a different person than I was before I learned that particular language. The other benefit of learning a second language is obviously being able to communicate with many people. Especially when a person is learning a widely spoken language like English or Spanish, it becomes a lot easier to get to know other people from different countries nd cultures.Additionally learning foreign languages provides huge benefits when it comes to the career, as it is a necessity to know foreign languages to apply for a Job or to work abroad. In conclusion learning a new language will expand our knowledge of the world as we have the mentality of a foreign culture while speaking that language and we gain a second identity with that experience. And of course new languages provide us to get to know more people and contribute to our success.

Manager interview paper

The success or failure of an organization highly depends on how the manager drives the people to achieve effectiveness. The study is conducted to identify the general responsibilities of a manager and how the manager handle its people in order to leverage them to move forward and dream big for the organization. The study will highlight the day-to-day activities and responsibilities of a manager based on existing concepts and theories. It will also try to assess how a manager will approach various problems of employees in attaining success of the organization. The selected manager is currently a Manager of a Natural Resource Management Program implemented in different regions. He has been in the program as a manager for eight years now. He handles 20 people who are under different positions such as Finance Officer, Administrative Staff, Researcher, Social Marketing and   Events Organizer and General Services. †¢ General Background and Responsibilities Different roles and responsibilities of a manager were ascertained in the course of the interview. The manager has been in the business for 10 years but assigned as manager for eight years. The interview evolved into the responsibilities of a manager. The top most tasks or duties of a manager are to select, supervise, and support a team. This looks like a little responsibility but this spells a lot especially that the objective is to manage and supervise the program efficiently. Selecting is one of the difficult parts as a manager. This is where the manager matches the job of the person into the skills and abilities. Before assigning a certain person in a job the person applying for a position are thoroughly selected and deliberated. It is not easy assigning a person with a job that is not suited to his abilities and skills or the objectives of the organization may fail. The second top of the responsibility of a manager is plan and supervise. A clear plan with clear strategies is needed in starting up an organization that leads to accomplishment. The plan matters in any way and anyhow. This is like a â€Å"diary† of every manager in implementing and monitoring the program itself.   After selecting an appropriate person in a job suited to him it is now the task of the manager to supervise him and teach him with the organization’s strategies in order to deliver his outputs properly. The manager sees to it that the work being done by his subordinates is appropriate and accurate. Another task related to this is supervising the selected employees to do their work expected from them. The third task is support, which is equally important with other responsibilities. This is where the manager develops the sense of belongingness of an employee in a certain organization because of always reminding to them that they are part of the organization and that any success or failure would also be their success or otherwise. Trainings, seminars and other skill enhancing activities are done to develop more their skills. Support given to the employees is always maintained. In relation to this also, open communication between the employees and the manager is extended. Being a manager is not an easy task. The day-to-day meeting with the higher bosses and the meeting with the staff is a job that requires patience and endurance. Everyday the manager is faced with different problems may it be technical, financial and even personal problems from the employees. The most liked part of being a manager is the privilege to any sort of privileges. The manager always travels, meet new people, attend conferences and among others. This is like the But one of the least liked parts of it is managing employees. And sometimes much harder is managing employees with attitude. This is the hardest part because they are the fuel to the organization’s success. †¢ Managing Employees The manager handles 20 employees who are holding different positions. These positions require diverse skills, abilities and talents. These in turn should be given attention in order to be enhanced and attain growth not only for the benefit of the employee but of the organization as well. Managing the employees is one of the hardest parts to do. The organization especially the manager is tasked to carefully manage its people, motivate them in any way and lead them to where the organization wants it to be. Attaining success of the organization can be achieved if the workforce involved are suitably motivated and led with authority. Motivation. Motivation of employees to work harder is linked also with the performance appraisal. In performance appraisal, the employee is assessed accordingly based on its tasks and responsibilities to improve the quality of the work. Appraisal is often used with tools such as 360-degree feedback where everyone who is connected with the employee is asked to give their assessment to the person involved within the duration of the project. Results of this will be consolidated and identify certain strategies on how to maximize the strengths and improve weaknesses of employees. In motivation theory, rewards are given to the employee who has performed way above the expected from them. This may be in the form of salary increase, promotion from one position to a higher position or the equivalent of it in some offices. This is true with Mayo’s theory that an employee can do better in his job if there will be an open communication lines, teamwork and with interaction with the manager. Several theories came out like of Maslow’s five levels of need, Herzberg’s theory of motivators and de-motivators, Vroom’s theory on the good performance will reap rewards, and Skinner’s theory of reinforcement.   These are all worth contribution in refining the theories behind motivating an employee (Blair, 2005). Lead. The key to leadership is to lead. An employee must see with his own-two eyes that the leader they are going to follow possesses good leadership skills. Coaching is one way also of leading an employee. Not all of the topics are familiar with the newly hired employees and who are still struggling to blend with the group in an organization. This is the best way to teach and guide the employees to work hard and give their best in their endeavours. Develop skills of staff especially sending to trainings and workshops where the employee can voice out their issues. The word leadership should emanate from the manager itself to make the employee understand what leadership is. This should be coupled with authority. Another way of leading is ensuring that they get enough commensuration based on what they do not on number of hours they worked for it. Manages ethics and ethical accountability. In reprimanding someone because he did not do his job always emphasize that you are angry with the results of the work he handled and not of who he is as a person. Direct to the point conversations and giving feedback is highly appreciated by employees. Respect is always important in handling employees. This will gain also respect from the staff and later on it would not be too difficult to open up and voice out opinions of what the employee thinks. Much more to this is always delegating work to the subordinates. This is not just to lessen the jobs of a manager but also giving the employee the chance to grow and understand the things around him. This also contributes hugely to the self-esteem of the employee because the privilege to be part of the success of a certain project. Feedbacks from the staff are also important in making the organization work. This is one move to ensure that the strategies employed by the manager are working and relevant to the learnings of each and every employee. Conclusion I would still go back to what I have mentioned earlier: the success or failure of an organization is not on how the manager managed the project but how he has maximized the potentials of his employees to deliver accurate and quality outputs. Managing people is like accomplishing an unfinished puzzle. The managers have their own task to accomplish which is the same with the employees who are part of the project. But in making this endeavour a success the manger sees to it that his people are enriched, have grown and motivated to do the job accordingly. This is not because of the increase in the salary or a work promotion but this is done because working in a team is a sense of fulfilment. Managing people is not easy. Management also is not that easy. It can be learned through time. These ideas that have been inculcated in their minds that at the end of the day it is not â€Å"me† that matters but â€Å"we’. References Brandenburg, B. (2006). What Community manager does? Retrieved March 5, 2008 Website: http://www.vmmg.net Fairweather, A. (2006). Managing employees: How to reprimand. Retrieved March 5, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Website www.businessknowhow.com/manage/reprimand.htm What Manager does? 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2008. Website:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://userwebs.cth.com.au/~gcutts/Management/1manager.html Blair,   G. (2005). What makes a Great Manager. Retrieved March 3, 2008. Website   http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/art9.html Employee Performance Improvement: Understanding Your Role as a Manager† (2003) Catalog No. TD11A8Q65, Corporate Executive Board, p. 19. Martin, K. J. and J. McConnell. (1989). Corporate Performance, Corporate Takeovers and Management Turnover, Working Paper at Purdue University.                               Appendices Manager Interview Form Section 1: General Background and Responsibilities 1. How long have you been with the company? How long have you held your current position? 2. What are the three most important tasks or duties that you are responsible for accomplishing in this job? 3. What do you like most about being a manager? What do you like least about being a manager?    Section 2: Managing Employees What are the objectives you want to achieve? Short term and long term? How many employees do you have? Is it difficult to handle people who are diverse? Are there any instances when you reprimanded employees just because they did not follow you? How do you treat problems like this? What are the motivating factors you employ? Do you give benefits/rewards to those employees who performed high? Why is that so? What have you done so far as a Manager in the policies regarding benefits and rewards of the employees? As a manager, how do you build confidence and self-esteem of staff? How do you build quality team to ensure output?

Nurses and groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nurses and groups - Essay Example No doubt, group therapy is capable of yielding â€Å"empowering experiences† to the patients and the group members can both â€Å"serve as change agents and facilitators† (Norcross & Goldfried, 2005, p. 366). Group therapies, in general, aim at promoting the self-esteem and emotional well-being of the participants and person centered group therapies rely on the potential of the clients to find solutions for their own problems. The therapist remains as a catalyst agent who initiates change among the group members through congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy (Rogers, 1989). Studies have shown that person centered group therapies are highly beneficial to such groups of people who suffer from depression and substance abuse (Corey 2011). Similarly, people with depression are more likely to suffer from feelings of alienation, loneliness, and isolation and group therapies are capable of offering solace to them (Anxiety & Panic Disorders Health Center, 2012). T his paper seeks to design a six weeks person centered group therapy session for people with depression and in doing so the paper deals with the target population, outlines the purpose and objectives of the therapy sessions, explains the various theoretical aspects of the person centered therapy approach, analyses the role of the therapist as well as the group members during the therapy sessions, and finally evaluates the effectiveness of the group therapy on the people with depression. Methodology and target group for the therapy The target population for the person centered therapy consists of 30 people with depression who will randomly be selected. These target population can comprise of those who already undergo treatment for depression or those who are identified as depressed people. Six sessions of person centered group therapy will be administered on the target population. The goals and objectives of each therapeutic session will be determined beforehand. An evaluation regardi ng the accomplishment of these objectives will be done at the end of each session. At the end of all the therapy sessions an overall evaluation of the effectiveness of the person centered therapy on the participants will also be undertaken comparing and contrasting the physical and mental well being of each participants before and after the therapy sessions. The purpose and objectives of the therapy sessions The group therapy aims at the overall physical and mental well-being of all the participants. The ultimate aim of the therapy is to see the participants come out of their depressed state. For this, it is essential that the therapist creates an open and accepting climate within the group so as to promote positive self-concept, self-direction, self-acceptance, of self-respect and personal worth, and self-actualization among the participants. Similarly, following the key principles of person centered approach the therapist needs to maintain sense congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy towards the participants all throughout the therapeutic alliance. The objectives of each of the therapy sessions are briefly mentioned below: Session one: The first session of the therapy aims at building rapport and trust between the therapist and the participants.

Beijing Opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Beijing Opera - Essay Example This traditional Chinese theatre differs from opera, pantomime, and drama and puts more emphasis to 'Chang (Singing)', 'Nian (Speaking)', 'Zuo (Acting), and 'Da (Fighting)'. The Beijing Opera originated from the middle period of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and entails four performances that include Anhui – Sanqing Troupe, Sixi Troupe, Chungong Troupe, and Chun Troupe that reside in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai China1. Indeed, there were many names for Beijing Opera in its history such as Pihuang, Erhuang, Huang Qiang, Peking Opera, Pingju Opera, and Chinese Opera. However, Peking Opera that was born when the 'Four Great Anhui Troupes' brought Anhui opera supersedes the rest. Beijing Opera manifests itself as one of the cultural treasures of China. Although formed in Beijing, Beijing Opera is not the native-born but a melting opera. In the Beijing Opera, singing has the certain tune that expresses the sentiment of the dramatic persona. Taiwan preserves the art form known as Guoju though it has spread to Japan and the United States. Beijing Opera is the essence of Chinese national drama and has tremendous influence in both China and abroad. According to Beijing Opera, acting is the performance of movement and expression while fighting is the martial arts performed by dancing. At the same time, Beijing Opera appreciates the pleasing stylistic and artistic harmony of the dance and music, and art designs. Beijing Opera has very strict role division that includes Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou. 'Sheng' acts the masculine positive role, ‘Dan’ acts the feminine positive role, and ‘Jing’ acts the supporting role of greathearted masculine, while 'Chou' acts as a lively, humorous, quick-witted masculine. Each kind of role also has different face painting and dressing to indicate their identity. More significantly, the Beijing Opera relates to the political and military struggle and has a historical theme. Beijing Opera truly represent China culture because it keeps together the diverse elements of history, mythology, literature and poetry, singing, dancing, acting, face painting, stage fighting and acrobatics in Chinese culture2. However, during the second half of the 20th century, Beijing witnessed a steady decline in audience numbers due to a decrease in performance quality and an inability of the traditional opera form to capture modern life. In addition, the production requirements of the archaic language, and the influence of Western culture is not pleasant to the development of Beijing Opera3. In light of Beijing Opera, performance is an art topic that is very dominant in this Chinese traditional theatre. Beijing Opera performances are renowned for their very vibrant and gorgeous colored costumes. A Beijing Opera performance entails story, voice, music, movement, costumes, and makeup and stage properties4. Aria is the music for the voice of Beijing Opera belongs to the Ban-Qiang. Song music and speech in a Beiji ng performance occur simultaneously with dance movements of the performer. There are about three kinds of plays in Beijing Opera, which include the traditional play, the historical play, and the modern play. The different Beijing performance costumes are fundamental in the Beijing Opera performance. The Beijing opera costumes were mainly made of wool or coarse cloth and decorated with various meticulously embroidered patterns with special and unique stagecraft that draws a lot of admiration and love by the audience. Face painting manifest in Beijing Opera performances to display the character of the specific role and understanding of the opera’s plot5. Beijing Opera facial painting falls into four categories