Marketing Mix A Marketing Strategy - 1907 Words

According to the Economic Times, a marketing mix ‘refers to the set of actions, or tactics, that a company uses to promote its brand or product in the market.’ (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/marketing-mix).Define and critically evaluate the key areas of marketing mix that should be included as a part of successful marketing strategy: Use a case study to examine each area in detail. Marketing mix is a tool used by companies to strengthen products brand and help to sell the product or service. Companies have to work out a successful marketing strategy with a marketing mix. However, a lot of companies still do not have a deep understanding of the concept of marketing mix and cannot implement it properly, which results in a†¦show more content†¦(CIM, 2015, p.5). Due to the development of service industry, another three ps were added namely people, process and physical evidence. (Martin, 2014). The 7ps model has been widely used in many companies, which has made great success in business, such as McDonald’s. They have successfully implemented 7ps in their market strategy, which make them the largest world s leading fast food service retailer with over 36,000 locations in over 100 countries. (McDonald’s, 2014) Product is the most important element in marketing mix. Marketers should fully understand consumer demand and after that, products can be designed with the proper quality to satisfy their expectations in present and future. (CIM, 2015, p.5) Whenever companies launch a new product, marketers should do market research at first. Besides, they should track customers’ needs and preferences regularly by a system, such as online communities and apps. The product strategy of McDonald’s strictly followed these principles. There are a variety of food and drinks in the menu of McDonald’s, which can meet customers’ different demand, all of which developed after intensive market research of customers’ preferences.( McDonald’s , 2008) Moreover, in order to meet the

The Inequalities of Income Investment Growth - 1234 Words

In â€Å"Economic Elites, Investments, and Income Inequality† from the academic journal, Social Forces, graduate Ph. D student from Ohio State University, Michael Nau presents throughout his study the rise of an additional factor that has evidently influenced the concentration of vast amounts of income among the elite class, income from investments. In this era, the common beliefs were that demography, labor market institutions, and technology were causing the inequality to rise and for the elites to produce this astounding amounts of income. Nau’s findings present how the debate over the incomes of the elites has to be expanded apart from the ‘working rich class’ to also include the income producing wealth. In addition, Nau presents how the†¦show more content†¦Research Methods: The Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) was the study used on this article for its main analysis. This survey dates from the 1992 to 2010, and includes the information of household income, wealth holding, and other financial topics. In addition, the survey includes a subsample of the most affluent households, and groups them into different categories according to their wealth. However, the edge key that makes the SCF better than other surveys is the fact that it has more information when it comes to the different financial situations of the elites. As a result, the SCF is considered by many experts in the field of finance as one of the best sources on the wealth and investment behavior of the citizens in the United States. This SCF survey serves the purpose of being the main method used in this article to test the hypotheses presented by the author. For instance, to test the first hypothesis, â€Å"that income concentration at the top was driven by investment gains,† the SCF tracks the top one percent’s investment income. Moreover, to test the second hypothesis, which â€Å"top-income households increasingly took on the characteristics and behavior of investors,† the status indicators of a variety of investors had to be defined by measures such as if the household obtains ninety percent of his income from investment or if their financial assets wereShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Income Inequality on Economic Growth1341 Words   |  5 Pagessomebody wonders why did I choose the subject of inequality the previous lines are exactly the reason. The hypothesis I will try to prove further in my paper is that the striking gap between rich and poor population in the world cannot lead to e conomic growth. Furthermore, Human Capital is considered to be the main force that stimulates economic growth. But now that human capital is scarcer that machines, widespread education has become the secret to growth. However, education is hardly accessible toRead MoreAnalysis of a PHD Student ´s Research on Investment Inequality1312 Words   |  6 PagesSummary: In â€Å"Economic Elites, Investments, and Income Inequality† from the academic journal, Social Forces, graduate Ph. D student from Ohio State University, Michael Nau presents throughout his study the rise of an additional factor that has evidently influenced the concentration of vast amounts of income among the elite class, income from investments. In this era, the common belief is that demographics, labor market institutions, and technology are causing the inequality to rise and for the elitesRead MoreEconomic Development And Economic Growth915 Words   |  4 Pagescountries pun inequality in the policy agenda? High and sustainable economic growth is the main condition for the sustainability of economic development and increase prosperity. As the population increases each year, the consumption is also increasing. Further more, demand, supply and population growth also require employment growth as a new source of income, because if not so then economic growth will lead to poverty. Many economics literatures review the correlation between income inequality and economicRead MoreSources Of Economic Growth And Social Justice Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Sources of Economic Growth and Social-Justice Egyptian per-capita income has been significantly improved in the second half of the first decade of 21st century, as it recorded, in average, $1984 (standard deviation $167), compared to $1312 (standard deviation $597), in average, during the first half of the decade. Figure (1) illustrates the development of per-capita income through the first decade of 21th century and it shows that per-capita income growth rates were, in most, negative duringRead MoreInvestment In Education Summary730 Words   |  3 PagesSummary of literature and analysis. An investment in education returns an increase in the level, quantity, and quality of human capital. Human Capital is the skills, knowledge, attributes, abilities, and experience possessed by a region or individual. Translating increased human capital into increased productivity is not direct nor immediate. There are broad macroeconomic indicators that education does contribute to productivity in that, nations with higher levels of formal schooling correlate toRead MoreInequality Of Economic Growth And Inequality1699 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic growth and inequality has been a long debated topic but is more important in the recent decades as income inequality has dramatically grown within many countries; the implications on these can hinder social and political development. Economic growth and its link to Equality can help create stability for an economy and improve living standards in the long run. More directly it allows people to be able to contribute and engage in the economy as it provides the opportunity for employment, investmentRead More1. Does Gender Equality Contribute to Economic Growth? There is a long established tradition of800 Words   |  4 Pages1. Does Gender Equality Contribute to Economic Growth? There is a long established tradition of estimating growth models within the economics discipline. Early models took labor as a ‘given’ factor of production, exogenously determined by rates of population growth. There was very little coverage for exploring the human, leave alone the gender, dimensions of growth in these models (Walters, 1995). This changed with the rise of endogenous growth theory and the bigger reputation given to the accumulationRead MoreEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 Pagessocial costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. High levels of inequality indicate that a small number of people receive most of the total income, and that most people receive only a small share of the total. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with the inequitable distribution of income. Income inequality can lead to an increase in theRead MoreThe Impact Of Development Strategies On Economic Growth And The Quality Of Life For An Economy Other Than Australia1159 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyse the impact of development strategies on the economic growth and the quality of life for an economy other than Australia. (20 marks) Globalisation, is the process of increasing integration between different countries and economies resulting in the establishment of a single world market and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. China’s global integration has assisted their impressive economic performance and the associated improvementsRead MoreRelationship Between Inequality And Economic Growth1370 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the economic reforms, which started in 1978 and are still going on until nowadays, China has had continued presence of inequality. In my work I overview the evolution of inequality that could be divided into two historical periods: pre-reform period (1949-1978) and the reform period (1978- onwards). I also examine the correlation between inequality and economic growth in China. Although, with the sustained economic development and increase of living standards for the last three decades, China’s

Health and Social free essay sample

I am trying to discover the physiological disorder asthma has affected the way he lives, how it affected the lungs and the way he breaths. For the interview I thought of suitable questions which I would be asking the individual such as how did you recognize how you had asthma ? , how did asthma come into the system (genetic or natural). What was the age you found out you had asthma and how long have you had the physiological disorder for? I spoke to the individual and ask my questions in the right manner and in a orderly way, the individual had answer the questions the best way and detail as possible and I’ve collected all the information by writing down what he has explained after each questions I’ve asked, the interview went on for 20-30 minutes. I didn’t have to explain to the individual who I was as I was a family member and I explained to him what I was doing which was talking about a physiological disorder. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Social or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Asthma is a common long term condition that can cause cough, wheezing and breathlessness. These are severity of the symptoms which can vary from person to person, and asthma can be controlled well in most people most of the time. Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways, these are small tubes called bronchi which would carry oxygen in and out of the lung, as the individual bronchi would inflame and become more sensitive than normal, when the individual comes into contact with something that irritates his lungs (trigger off) his airways become narrow and the muscles around the lungs tighten which makes him have problems with difficulties breathing, wheezing and coughing and also tight chest. A symptom of his asthma is an asthma attack, which may require treatment from hospital care professionals as it although rare. The individual has chronic asthma which is long term, long term inflammation of the airways may lead to more permanent narrowing, the individual has had asthma since he was a young man, his causes of asthma wasn’t fully understood as it was run in the family as his mother and father both had the condition. The common triggers of the individual was anything which irritated the airways in his body and brings on the symptoms of asthma, the common triggers which set is condition off was talking in smoke while present around smokers in the house hold, exercise which was walking, in the fresh air watching rugby as he is a big rugby supporter. His symptoms may trigger off as of the weather conditions, change of temperature, cold air and windy days. The causes of the individual asthma was genetic, also the symptoms of the condition could range from mild to severe as the asthma could get significantly get worse which is an asthma attack as some of his symptoms may include him feeling breathless which causes him to gasp for breath and also taking in oxygen also coughing which happens at day or may happen at night. He had experience these signs and symptoms at the age of 27 as he was at the gym exercising and suddenly lost his breath while running on the treadmill and it had triggered of the asthma. The individual diagnosis the is likely to be able to make a the diagnosis as his GP asked him about his condition and how the symptoms happen, how often they happen and also if you notice anything witched started the asthma off. The test which the GP carried out about his condition was the spirometry which carried out to access how well his lungs works, also he had to breathe into a machine called a spirometer. The spirometer takes two measurements which is the volume of his air that breaths out in 1 second as called the focused expiratory volume in 1 second and the total breaths he breaths out is called the forced vital captivity. The GP asked him to breathe out a few times to get a consistent reading and that the reading is compared with normal measurement for his age, which of shown him if his airways are obstructed. The PEFR (perk expiratory flow rate test) which is a small hand held device which is known as a perk flow meter which measured how fast he could blow air out of the lungs in one breath. This peak flow would be taken home with him and daily recording would be taken to help him to recognize if his asthma worsen, also he told me what other test what other tests which the GP give him were an allergy testing, airway response awareness and airway inflammation. The treatment which he had with his asthma which the GP was helping him get the asthma under controlled and from worsening, the care for his condition was good as he had all the full information about his condition and also knowing how to control the asthma, he was having regular checks up to ensure his asthma as under good control and the treatment was right for him, as he was given two inhalers which were blue and brown, but now his asthma have worsen as he overweight and he also unhealthy but now only one inhalers.  He told me that his asthma personal plan which him and the doctor suggested would help him in to what steps to take for decreasing the condition from getting worse.

Research at the Site of Ur free essay sample

A paper which explains research findings at the archaeological site of the city of Ur. The site of Ur, an ancient city in Mesopotamia, is an archaeological site rich in findings of the Sumerian culture and history. This paper explains how the city of Ur was discovered in the mid seventeenth century and details some of the fascinating findings of the place such as the Royal Cemetery and a detailed burial chamber. At the end of the pit, the team found the kings tomb chamber. A second stone chamber was built up against it, with the tomb of the queen, who owned the chariot and other offerings found in the upper pit. Her name, Shub-ad, was inscribed on a cylinder seal. Her body was still in the tomb. The upper part of her body was completely hidden by a mass of beads of gold, silver, lapis lazuli, carnelian, agate, and chalcedony. We will write a custom essay sample on Research at the Site of Ur or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her headdress was a more elaborate version of the ones found on the remains of the court ladies. This discovery showed that the graves of the king and queen had been exactly alike but that the queens chamber had sunk below the ground level of her grave pit. According to Woolley, they were probably husband and wife, and the king had died first. The queen, wanting to lie as close to him as possible, had been buried next to him.

Efficient Supply Chain Management Processes

Efficient Supply Chain Management Processes Introduction While the importance of proficient supply chain operations augments, organizations are obliged to make their processes incorporated with their chains of supply.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Efficient Supply Chain Management Processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is significant to have a proficient supply chain, in view of the fact that the supply chain management does not only include the management of the connection between the various stakeholders, but also brings into line the achievements of the organization in realizing its corporate objectives. Nevertheless, the current global and competitive business environment necessitates a number of obligations for the organizations. For them to take part in the markets and maintain their lead, organizations are obliged to adopt various approaches founded on a good relationship with the customers, suppliers, retailers, and subsidiaries. Cons equently, a number of novel strategies and pioneering managements ought to be established in the supply chain management processes. This paper discusses efficient supply chain management processes. Supply chain management (SCM) is the â€Å"integration of key business processes from initial raw material extraction to the final or end customer, including all intermediate processing, transportation, and storage activities and final sale to the end-product customer† ( Wisner et al., 28). Supply chain is â€Å"a set of three or more companies directly linked by one or more of the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, and information from a source to a customer† (Mentzer, 5; Mentzer et al., 18). SCM assumes that all companies that take part in the process of distributing goods and services to the end users are constituents of a network, pipeline, or supply chain. It involves all things that are needed to ensure that the consumers are contented and t akes account of the products they will purchase, the methods of their manufacture, and the modes of transporting them. The supply chain philosophy ascertains that the consumers get the best products at an appropriate time, at a desirable price and within the preferred locality. The rise in rivalry, intricacy, and geographical scope in the business environment has resulted in this broadened scope. The advance in information and technology has led to optimization of supply chain performance. The advent of the internet has played a pivotal role in the movement of messages within the companies in a supply chain. Companies that have adhered to SCM principles have reported considerable cost and cycle time reductions, for instance, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. reported rise in inventory turns and lowering of out-of-stock events.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An essenti al principle of SCM is to observe the system of facilities, processes, and individuals who acquire raw materials, change them into manufactured goods, and eventually deliver them to the consumers as an amalgamated chain, instead of a cluster of different, but to some extent connected duties. The significance of this amalgamation cannot be overemphasized since the connections between the chains are the means of realizing the ultimate objective. As much as each company can have a supply chain, it does not imply that each company is able to manage optimally their supply chain to yield increased benefits. Although SCM is not complex in theory, it develops increased intricacies in practice as the company’s size and variety of products becomes larger. SCM is also intricate for the reason that companies may form constituents of a number of pipelines simultaneously. Elements of a supply chain The first element of a supply chain is production. Strategic decisions concerning production centers on the requirements of the consumers and the change in market trends as this is vital in meeting the goals of the organization. This initial phase in building up supply chain agility is concerned with the amount of products to manufacture and the various constituents that are to be produced. These strategic decisions concerning manufacturing should at the same time center on facilities available, value and quantity of the products to be made, while taking into consideration the requirements of the end-users. Alternatively, operational decisions centers on programming various operations within the organization, keeping equipment in good working condition and attending to the immediate needs of the customers. The maintenance of quality should be adhered to throughout the production process. The second element is supply. A company should be concerned with the capacity of their production to manufacture competent and good quality goods at minimized costs. However, a number of o rganizations are not able to give the required performance with the production of all the parts needed. Outsourcing is a good option to be reflected especially for parts that a company is unable to manufacture efficiently. Organizations should cautiously choose suppliers for raw materials based on developing velocity, quality and flexibility at minimized costs. In summary, an organization must make strategic decisions to ascertain their abilities to deliver quality products before outsourcing to other companies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Efficient Supply Chain Management Processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The next element is inventory. Strategic decisions center on inventory and the quantity of finished goods that should be kept in the stores. A crucial issue exists between holding inventory in excess, which can result in increased costs to the company, and inadequate inventory that can fail t o meet the requirements of the consumers. This delicate balance scenario is critical in successful SCM. Operational inventory decisions are most of the time focused on having adequate inventory levels at every distribution link to cater for unpredictability in the market trends in order to maintain customer loyalty. Control strategies should consider having optimal levels of stock at every point. The subsequent element is location. Location decisions revolve around the fluctuating market demands and meeting the various requirements of the customers. Strategic decisions should be based on the positioning of manufacturing facilities, distribution networks, and putting them in strategic locations to attract as many customers as possible. Once prime locations are established, lasting decisions should be reached to locate manufacturing and stocking plants to be as near the consumer as possible. In companies where constituents are light in weight and depends on the market trends, the loca tion of the plants must be within the proximity of the customer. In heavier companies, accessibility to the source of the raw material should be the major concern. Decisions pertaining to location must also take note of tax and tariff issues; particularly where geographical boundaries are major hindrances to successful marketing. Transportation is another element. Strategic decisions concerning transportation issues are associated with inventory decisions and satisfying the varied consumer requirements. For example, air transportation enables the consumer to get the product faster but at increased costs compared to transportation by sea or rail. However, using sea or rail transport is slower and usually results in accumulation of stock in the store that may fail to provide the consumer with a quick service. Therefore, it is important to consider that because thirty percent of the overall cost of a product is included in its transport cost, making the right transport decision is cruc ial. Most of all, consumer service levels should be maintained at all times. Strategically, a company should have adequate measures to make sure that products are delivered timely to the targeted markets (Hugos, 14). The last element is information. Efficient SCM involves getting information from the position of the final consumer and joining that information throughout the chain to enable its faster flow. Information is used to coordinate daily activities and for forecasting and planning in guiding the schedule of the organization.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Too much use of paperwork and inefficient computer systems are unsuitable in the current competitive business environment. Cultivating the innovation culture needs consistent flow of information within the structure of an organization. Networks that link computers to each other and the use of internet consolidate the flow of vital information in an organization. Relationships within the supply chain Information and various process systems are amalgamated across the whole supply chain. The intricacy of supply chain increases as the goods and services move from one supplier to the next within the distribution network. The fundamental duties of a company remain the same, not considering whether or not it is following SCM. Suppliers are still needed to provide raw materials while production continues. Distributors are still needed to deliver the products to the consumers for them to purchase. The usual tasks of a company do not change. The eventual disparity in a company that practices SCM is that their attention changes from the occurrences in every link to involve the relationship existing among the various links (Helms, para. 6). An organization practicing efficient SCM also realizes that the chain has relationships that surpass the usual practices within its framework. Efficient management of the relationships is the place where the integration of the supply chain starts. Whichever enhancements or interruption to the supply chain relationships influences the whole chain. The collective supply chain outcome of indecision is illustrated in the following instance. Suppose a producer of iron box gets supply of poor quality thermostat, and since the producer is dependent on its supplier for prompt delivery, the poor quality batch leads to late delivery to a number of its customers. The iron box producer is compelled to stop further production since he or she lacks adequate material. In the end, the customer gets frustrated when he or she fails to get the preferred brand and ends up purchasing from a business rival. This process also has timing costs associated with it since the customer might have made the actual decision to purchase probably some time after delivery of the substandard thermostat. A number of occurrences take place within the supply chain that is most of the time unexpected. Suppliers may at times deliver materials earlier or later than anticipated. Consumers may increase, decrease, revoke previously assigned orders, or even place large orders. Vehicles used in transportation can break down. Workers can become unwell, refuse to work, or leave the job. Products destined to the market may be of poor quality. Some time ago, organizations prepared for the unexpected and increased their level of consumer contentment by allowing inventory to rise. However, presently this option is unacceptable since high inventories lead to increased costs of transportation and the possibility of the products becoming out dated thus impairing the f lexibility of the organization. All the way through the supply chain, inventory is most of the times generated and held at various places. A section of the inventory can then be decreased or eradicated thus the organization lowers costs and improves in productivity. Reducing the amount of duration it takes to transport manufactured goods from one link of the chain to the other also reduces the cycle time of the whole chain. Therefore, this enhances the competitiveness of the organization and increases the consumer contentment. The bullwhip effect Supply chain management gives the required visibility along the chain to increase the performance of the business and if this visibility is lacking up and down the supply chain, the bullwhip effect sets in. Since the consumer demand is most of the time not predictable, organizations ought to forecast demand to correctly position inventory and other available resources. Forecasts are derived from statistical data and may not be perfectly cor rect. Since forecast inaccuracies are evident, organizations usually have to deal with an inventory buffer known as the safety stock. Across the supply chain from the end-user to the one who supplies raw materials, everyone who takes part in supply chain has had increased observed variation in demand and therefore an increased requirement for safety stock. During the times when demand is increasing, down-stream participants’ raises their orders while when demand reduces, the quantity of orders reduce or halt to lower inventory. The effect seen is that variations are increased when a person goes upstream in the supply chain (away from the consumer). The causes of bullwhip effect can additionally be categorized into behavioral and operational causes. Behavioral causes involve wrong use of base-stock policies, lack of proper sensitivity to feedback and time delays, anxiety over unfulfilled demand, and observed threats of other players’ bounded rationality. Operational cau ses include dependent demand processing that comes due to forecast errors and altering of inventory control parameters with each demand perception. Others are lead-time variability, order synchronization due to consolidation of demands and transaction motives, trade promotion and forward buying, and lastly expectation of deficiency. The bullwhip effect has a number of consequences in the supply chain as is evident in the case of Proctor Gamble (PG) company. When the company was evaluating the demand patterns at different positions in the supply chain, it realized that its customers were using diapers at a steady rate. In this case, the demand order variability in the supply chain was increased as it travelled up the supply chain. The company was not capable of noticing the retailing of its products at the distribution channel stage. It had to depend on sales orders from vendors to formulate product forecasts, arrange for capacity, manage inventory, and program for production. This inadequate visibility led to too much inventory, error in forecasts, too much or restricted capacity, poor customer services, and the damage of its public image. Every connection in the supply chain had excessive inventory to offset the consequences of demand improbability and unpredictability. Research has indicated that having this excessive inventory is equivalent to one hundred days’ of supply. Consequently, by taking into account the effect on the raw materials, the total chain can have in excess of a year’s supply of inventory. Ideally, the bullwhip effect does not take place if all orders accurately fulfill the demand at every time. This effect is a major setback in forecast-driven supply chains and cautious control of the effect is a fundamental aspect for the success of any organization. One method of realizing this is to create a demand-driven supply chain that responds to real consumer orders. Wal-Mart distribution system has realized immense success by adop ting this model (â€Å"logistics,† para.13). Other companies, for example, Hewlett-Packard, PG, and Nestle have also been able to manage this effect. Other countermeasures that have been successfully implemented to control the bullwhip effect include innovative access to information for forecasting demand, reworked price structures, or coming up with approaches to incorporate small lot sizes at the same time as still maximizing transportation effectiveness (Mason and Towill, 43). Achieving this is possible through knowing the consequences of supply chain integration, visibility and information. SCM benefits Supply chain management gives several benefits to companies, which allows them to realize long-term profitability and continue with a solid competitive edge. There are four key advantages of implementing SCM. First, it results in improved supply chain network. SCM gives a proper visibility within the entire supply chain network of an organization. This is difficult to be r ealized when working with disjointed manual processes. By the use of supply chain, customers are able to keep an eye on the condition of all the activities within the entire distribution network. This results in more efficient monitoring and control of all interrelated processes. The processes start from obtaining raw materials to changing them into finished products to be purchased by the consumers. Therefore, the condition of all the activities can be monitored throughout and prompt corrective action undertaken before the situation becomes uncontrollable. Secondly, implementing SCM leads to minimized delays. A number of supply chains, especially those that have not be improved by a supply chain application, are usually interrupted by delays which can lead to reduced customer loyalty and loss in revenues. Orders delivery behind schedule, deceleration of production, and logistical blunders in marketing are all frequent issues that are able to reduce the capability of an organization in adequately meeting the needs of its customers. Implementing SCM ensures the efficient management of all activities from the beginning to the end. This results in increased level of on-time shipment of products across the board. Implementing SCM leads to enhanced collaboration among the various stakeholders. SCM makes it possible for an organization, suppliers and distributors to know the task each one of them is engaged in at all times as it bridges the gap between them, regardless of their geographical constraints. The supply chain partners are able to share crucial information, for example, forecasts and inventory conditions. This form of immediate, uninterrupted flow of information and sharing of vital data enables the supply chain partners to be conversant, thus making it possible for a smooth flow of supply chain processes. Lastly, SCM leads to reduced costs. SCM results in enhanced inventory control, which eradicates the strain on real estate and financial implications tha t often is realized when there is a need to keep surplus products. This strategy ensures more demand that is efficient planning. Therefore, production output can be targeted to a level that minimizes wastages due to lost sales. SCM makes it possible for an organization to have enhanced relationships with merchants and its distributors. This enables purchasing and logistics personnel to discover cost-cutting chances, for example, giving volume discounts. Requirements of SCM The first requirement is consumer focus. The supply chain begins and ends with the consumers, therefore the basic focus of SCM starts by appreciating the consumers, their importance, and needs. This involves understanding the internal consumers of the company as well as the consumers at the extreme end of the supply chain. Organizations ought to find out the requirements of the consumers from the product or services they are going to purchase. They should then focus their energy towards meeting these requirements. The process of the supplier ought to be associated with the purchasing process of the consumer and performance measurement ought to be consumer focused. This is because the behavior of the last consumer would eventually influence the performance of the whole supply chain. The second requirement is Information flow. Organizations should devote their resources in communication devices that are able to give rapid flow of information from one source to the other. Information is the key to enabling quick response among the parties in the supply chain in case any changes take place. Information assists in the process of decision making, for example, assessment and investigation options. The proper flow of information is significant to the visibility of the products and services as they move all the way through the supply chain as this enhances inventory control and consumer service abilities. Because matters of trust and security are important to information integration, a number of comp anies are triumphantly addressing these matters by coming up with partnerships in business. Another requirement is employee and management support. Supply chain approaches usually need transformations in processes and customary norms. This calls for flexibility among the supply chain members to be able to incorporate novel ways and concepts. Sometimes the level of flexibility and change needed becomes complex for companies and their workers. Nevertheless, the capability to adopt essential changes will enable an organization to reap the full benefits of implementing SCM. Since the supply chain is unpredictable, companies are instructed to give room for change, anticipate resistance and find ways of tackling any eventualities. Preparation in the ideas of SCM is able to assist in this endeavor. Furthermore, the new concepts should get adequate support from all the employees and those in management. The last requirement is measurement. Usually organizations adopt methods to enhance thei r performances minus taking concrete steps to ascertain the level of their success. The methods of measuring performance should reflect on the whole supply chain and be aimed at meeting the consumer requirements. Consequently, SCM guarantees that the methods of measurement are properly adhered to in the process of adopting SCM techniques in an organization. Attaining the objectives of SCM The ways that are employed to attain the objectives of SCM can be categorized into two groups. A number of ways strive to attain these objectives by enhancing the processes in the links of the chain while other ways strive to attain these objectives through transforming the duties or the purposes of the chain. The ways employed to enhance this process consist of modeling various alternatives, efficient measurement, and enhanced forecasting. Others are cross-docking inventories (products are not allowed to stop as inventory in the distribution chain), direct store delivery (bypass distribution cente r) and electronic data interchange technology. Direct store delivery method involves products that are needed when fresh or when fast restocking is needed. Electronic data interchange technology involves the use of computers as a method of communication among two or more organizations and it is used to process various issues that arise due to transaction. Big retailers such as Wal-Mart and Kmart have initiated this technology, which ensures that information is transmitted quickly. Other ways are present that employ changing roles to attain SCM objectives. These are postponement strategies (interrupts the differentiation of products to address the changing consumer requirements), vendor managed inventory (companies reach beyond their boundaries and combine their energies with suppliers and consumers), and supplier integration (organizations focus on allying with all the key suppliers in the supply chain). Supply chain operations reference The Supply-Chain Council (a not-for-profit tr ade association) set up the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model. The model was made to illustrate all the activities of an organization that are related to meeting the requirements of the consumer and it divides the entire supply chain activities into five management processes of plan, source, make, deliver, and return. The model has numerous subdivisions. By illustrating supply chains, SCOR can be employed to illustrate supply chains that are extremely easy or extremely difficult through employing a standard of terminologies. Therefore, unrelated organizations can be connected to illustrate in detail the parameters in any supply chain. Global projects and site-specific projects have triumphantly adopted SCOR as a foundation for meeting their objectives. SCOR is an important tool employed by organizations to evaluate the arrangement of their supply chains, discover and assess metrics in the supply chain, establish weak points and attain optimal outcomes. SCOR is a cross-i ndustry guideline for supply chain management. It gives a universal supply chain framework, guideline on terms used, and regular metrics with related point of reference. Organizations, suppliers, and consumers are able to establish integrated supply chains using it since the model can be employed as a standard guideline for assessing, locating, and adopting SCM practices. Principles of supply chain management The first principle involves starting with the consumer by appreciating their values and varied needs. Consumers are grouped depending on the service requirements of the different groups. The supply chain is then altered to efficiently meet the needs of these groupings. These groupings assist the organization to provide products customized to the targeted market segment. The second principle involves managing logistics assets across the entire supply chain, not only within the organization. Plans that are concerned with the location of distribution plants, pipeline inventory, a nd transportation activities must involve both down-channel and up-channel partners, for example, retailer-managed inventory plans will need corporation to determine various delivery issues. The next principle appertains to organizing consumer management. This ensures that it gives one â€Å"face† to the consumer for any information needed as well as providing optimal customer service. It involves corresponding suppliers’ fulfillment processes with the consumers’ purchasing behavior and it necessitates that information technology to be organized to give a single window on the order status. The subsequent principle involves integrating sales and operations planning. This forms the foundation for a more responsive supply chain, for example, ensuring that all the functions have the same forecast number. This calls for sharing of information amongst the various stakeholders in a supply chain. The fifth principle appertains to leveraging manufacturing and sourcing to ensure flexible and competent processes. Leading organizations are implementing other strategies besides the traditional approaches. Postponement tactics, for an instance such as controlling production in order to lower inventory while maintaining optimal operations in the levels of stocks, can be practiced effectively. The next principle involves building strategic alliances and relationship management within all the members of the supply chain. Even though building a true collaboration is a daunting task, the reality is that if strategic relationships are lacking, controlling the whole supply chain as a distinct unit is difficult. The last principle deals with developing consumer-driven performance measures, which will eventually be the reference point for the behaviour of all the partners in the chain. The comprehensive supply chain strategy entails coming up with measures and performance criteria that checks the financial position of the entire supply chain. Conclusion As the s trategy of total quality management (TQM), Supply chain management is an advancing process since it lacks a definite stopping point. Implementing SCM ensures that an organization records increased benefits in costs reduction and competency improvement. Supply chains involves organizations together with the business operations required to design, make, deliver, and make use of a product or service. Organizations rely on their supply chains to provide them with what they need to survive and thrive in the competitive business environment. Each organization fits into one or more supply chains and has a duty to perform in every one of them. SCM attends to difficult matters and business rivalry by exploiting and improving the supply chain in order to give tactical, economic, and profitable outcomes to the organization. Helms, Marilyn. â€Å"Supply Chain Management.† Reference for Business. 2010. Web. Hugos, Michael. Essentials of supply chain management. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing, 2006. Print. â€Å"Logistics.† 2009 Global Sustainability Report. Wal-Mart. n.d. Web. Mason, Rachel and Dennis Towill. Coping with Uncertainty: Reducing Bullwhip Behaviour in Global Supply Chains. Supply Chain Forum 1.0 (2000): 40–44. Print. Mentzer, John T. et al. â€Å"Defining Supply Chain Management.† Journal of Business Logistics 22. 2 (2001): 1–25. Print. Mentzer, John T. Supply chain management. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication, 2001. Print. Wisner et al. Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.

Cubic Feet to Cubic Inches Conversion

Cubic Feet to Cubic Inches Conversion Converting cubic feet  to cubic inches  is a common English units conversion  problem. Here is the conversion factor and a worked example. Conversion Factor 1 cubic foot   1728 cubic inches 1 cubic inch 0.000578704 cubic feet Simple Example Convert 3.5 cubic feet into cubic inches.  When using a conversion factor, be sure the unit you are changing from gets canceled out. You can multiply by the conversion factor: 3.5 cubic feet x 1728 cubic inches per cubic foot 6048 cubic inches Worked Example You measure a box and find it is 2 foot  long, 1 foot  high, and 0.5 feet deep. The first step is to calculate the volume in cubic feet.  The volume of the box is length x width x height so the volume of the box is: 2 x 1 x 0.5   volume in cubic feet 1 cubic foot Now, to convert this to cubic inches, you know there are 1728 cubic inches in 1 cubic foot: 1 cubic foot x (1728 cubic inches / 1 cubic foot) volume in cubic inches 1 cubic foot x 1728 cubic inches/foot   volume in cubic inches 1728 cubic inches

American soldiers' harbored bitterness toward their hometown and Essay

American soldiers' harbored bitterness toward their hometown and ordinary average citizen in America - Essay Example ?other.’ They are compelled to respond in such a manner because they are confronted by what seems to them, and is, an overwhelming apprehension of injustice. But, while going inward and seeing others as the source of their anxiety, they are paradoxically fleeing themselves. If they feel divorced from civilians, sometimes reflect bitterly about them, but feel strong impulses to still communicate with them, it is because these young men are consumed with the dread of others’ opinions of their behavior, the choices they have made or which have been thrust upon them and resent being in this position. Risking death and pain in a war they know to be questionable, if not unjustified, they flee to isolate themselves from what they most fear: disapproval. everyone uncomfortable. It is this moral dilemma that Tim O’Brien addresses in ‘On the Rainy River.’ It is also his reason for fleeing, and for seeing in others the cause of his crushing anxiety. In the first paragraph, O’Brien admits his reticence to tell this story about himself, certain it will cause embarrassment – â€Å"a sudden need to be elsewhere.†(39) The mere suggestion that he would refuse service in Vietnam upon receiving his draft notice, would play the coward rather than the hero, instills in him shame. But his dilemma is real: he has no choice but to agree to â€Å"fight a war [he] hated,† in which â€Å"[c]certain blood was being shed for uncertain reasons.†(40) That summer became for him one of â€Å"moral confusion.†(40) One feels in every word on the page O’Brien’s suffocation, his â€Å"moral split.†(44) One also understands his outrage and how he expresses it. This war is not a war he chose. He considers it unjustified. But in his conservative prairie town of southern Minnesota he can find no one who shares his thoughts – though it must be admitted that he makes no attempt to find and speak to anyone about his angst. Patrons of the Gobbler Cafà © on Main Street represent to him the

Miss Evers Boys Opinion Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Miss Evers Boys Opinion - Movie Review Example These blacks had put their blind trust in the hands of the medical practitioners, doctors and medical professionals, besides the United Stated Government. However, they were meted out with discriminatory practices. The victims were used as 'study cases' and were experimented upon, depriving them of proper medical care. From the 1930s to the 1970s, the United Stated Public Health Service used about six hundred of the syphilis affected blacks as 'case studies' to conduct experiments. They did not make use of the already discovered wonder drug, penicillin and carried on with their insensitive experimentation. This leads to the death of nearly two hundred victims, which the doctors hide under the garb of lack of treatment. Alfre Woodard plays the young nurse, Eunice Evers who works for Dr. Brodus, played by Joe Morton. The two, in combination with a white doctor, played by Craig Sheffer are appointed to open a treatment centre for the blacks with syphilis.

Da Vinci †The Genius at the Venetian Las Vegas Essay Example for Free

Da Vinci – The Genius at the Venetian Las Vegas Essay While plenty of people are familiar with Da Vinci the painter not as many realize his prowess as a Renaissance man. Perhaps he was the first true man of so many talents that it was hard to peg him as one type of individual. In Da Vinci – The Genius you get a good look at the results of a great mind. You won’t see original works of art but instead you’ll see what has transpired from notes and drawings that Leonardo da Vinci created. Da Vinci was an artist, scientist, mathematician, architect, inventor and so much more. This enormous amount of brain power from one man has been highlighted in various forms before but this traveling exhibition highlights some of his inventions that today we might take for granted. As a result of the research to put together such an exhibition the idea of one large exhibition that celebrated Da Vinci and his Genius was created and can be viewed in Las Vegas. For the Mona Lisa he used oil paint, on poplar wood, there doesn’t seem to be any brush specifications, so we can just assume he used normal brushes. He employed a couple of techniques called sfumato and velature. Sfumato, roughly translated from Italian, means evaporated or vanished. This technique involves mixing light and dark paint, using tiny brush strokes, to create a smoky blend between the two colors. Velature is when an artist mixes paint on the canvas, instead of on a palette. Leonardo perfected both these techniques, as well as having his general knowledge of the human anatomy and the laws of nature to make his paintings more realistic. Da Vinci was left handed and did not force himself to switch like most people did then. In his day with quill pens, it was important to pull the writing instrument rather than pull it. When a right handed person writes left to write he or she pulls the pen and his or her hand does not smear wet ink. When a left handed person writes left to write he or she pushes the pen for less control and his or her hand smears the ink for less legibility. Rather than change his writing hand, he changed the direction in which he wrote. This allowed him to more quickly and easily write notes to himself without having to conform to the stifling conventions at the time, an overall goal of the renaissance.

Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay examples -- Song of Myself Essays

In one of the sections from the poem, â€Å"Song of Myself† Walt Whitman starts out with a child asking a question, â€Å"What is the grass?† Grass is a symbol of life. God, who created both the heavens and the earth also gave birth to life. When Whitman refers to grass as a â€Å"handkerchief of the Lord† (7), as a gift. When people look at the grass, they do not think of it as a creation but rather just a plant. Whitman refers to the grass as â€Å"a child, the produced babe of vegetation† (11, 12). Here, the grass is a metaphor for the birth of a child. In often cases, the birth of anything is celebrated because it symbolizes a new life, a new beginning. Whitman in a way compares grass as a human society. He mentions that grass is â€Å"a uniform hieroglyphic† (13) and they â€Å"alike† (14). In scientific terms, all humans are similar to each other and the only aspect that makes each person different is their personality and race. But even if people are racially different from each other physically, every person is the same internally as Whitman puts it: â€Å"Growing among black folks as among white, â€Å"Knuck, T...

Paradoxical Thinking of Google

Paradoxical Thinking of Google Abstract Paradoxical thinking is looking at a problem from opposite perspectives. We live in a complex world which is full of paradoxes. Paradoxical thinking has contributed to many companies success. It is important for us to know about paradoxical thinking. This article analyzed that how Google applies paradoxical thinking in their interface, products and '20 percent program'. Then the article indicated that the key to learn paradoxical thinking is open in mind. Paradoxical Thinking Introduction Before we get started, we need to know what is paradoxical thinking.A paradox is a group of statements that are contradictory. And paradoxical thinking is looking at a problem or a situation from different or even opposite perspectives, and finding the same thing which is deep down in two opposite perspectives. (Westenholz, 1993) For example, in the 1830's, Faraday had observed that a current of electricity passing through a wire could cause the magnetized nee dle, which was located close to the wire, to move in a rotational direction. This was the basis of his electric motor. But he didn't stop with this.He twist his mind and found that moving magnets can cause electricity to flow. This is one of the most brilliant application of paradoxical thinking. Paradoxical thinking has helped plenty of companies to be successful. The following research on Google is trying to find out how they practice paradoxical thinking. Research on Google Company History Google Inc. is an American corporation which provides internet-related products and services. It has the dominant position in this field. Google Inc. was founded in 1998 and set up the workspace in a garage.At the end of 1998, Google was recognized as the search engine of choice by â€Å"PC Magazine†. In 1999, Google received 25 million dollars investment and started its rapid growth. In 2000, Google started to release multiple language versions of Google. com and became the world's larg est search engine by acquiring the first billion-URL index. (Schonfeld, 2008)Google's initial public offering of 19,605,052 shares stock took place on Wall Street on August 18, 2004. Opening price: $ 85 per share. And the price is around $700 per share. Recently, Google. om is listed as the internet's first most visited website, and numerous international Google sites are in the top hundred, as well as several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube and Blogger. (â€Å"Our History in Depth† . Google Inc, 2012) Interface At the end of 20th century, countless search engines were published. What makes Google. com outstanding? I think the interface is a very important factor. As we can see in the pictures, many search engines, such as HotBot, Excite, DogPile, used very complex and colorful homepage in order to attract visitors and indicate their websites' powerful functions.While Google. com used a very simple homepage. It only got a logo, a textbox and two buttons on the websit e. At first, the complex homepages maybe more attractive because of their colors and structures. But visitors more concern about the result pages than the search engine page. Then the convenient Google. com became popular. This is a good example of paradoxical thinking. Complexity cannot always be good. Simplicity can be a better choice. Besides the simple homepage, the â€Å"Google doodles† is also a determine difference. The doodles are not just comics, they also include mini games and short animations.Visitors will have fun and learn some knowledge through these doodles. The doodles are great mixed with Google's logo. It will connect visitors good feelings with Google. com and make them more willing to re-visit it again. Sometimes people come back not because the functions, but for the little funny tricks. (Gube, 2009) Products and Services Google provide a variety of services for people and businesses, not just search for the word you typed. The CEO, Larry Page, described the â€Å"perfect search engine† is something that â€Å"understands exactly what you mean and gives you back exactly what you want. This means making search smarter and faster. You can save time when searching information and have more time on the stuff you are good at. Advertising covers more than 90% of Google's revenue. Google has implemented various innovations in this market. Traditional way of advertising is that showing a product or a service and then trying to raise your interests about it or persuading you to pay it. While Google uses a different way. It takes full advantage of its search engine. The ads show up in the result you found and are related to what you are looking at. Helft, 2009) Ads are presented to you, according your interests. Only a few sentences can be more effectively than traditional ads. And people are more willing to see the ads that are related to what they are looking at. Google search is Google's core product. Now it is far more than a web search engine. You can get access to all the Google's products and services through it. Google's mission is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful. They want to build a worldwide information centre. For example, the Google map.You can see almost everywhere all over the world. And you can get various information, such as traffic information, geography information, even the street view. Google also developed Chrome and Android to make it simpler and faster for people to do what they want to online. All the Google products and services are trying to make the complex web and information simpler and easier to access or use. 20 percent time Theories of workplace control don't talk much about freedom. The workplace is often understood as a totalizing environment, saturated with obvious and subtle forms of coercion.It is kind of like a prison camp. While, companies like Google have created environment that resembles a playground more than a prison camp. They use a innovative time off program called â€Å"20 percent time†. This program allows the staff devote 20% of the working time to independent projects of their own choosing. (Walker, 2011) Although, not all the independent projects can be applied, Google have got many innovative products, such as Gmail, Chrome, Google Earth and so on. This program is contra to the theories of workplace control, but it keeps Google's creativity.Culture Google is known for having an informal corporate culture. Unlike other big company, Google has a casual culture. Google has some philosophy like â€Å"you can be serious without a suit†, â€Å"work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun. † (Stross, 2008)They believe that great, creative thing are more likely to happen with the right company culture. It does not just mean lava lamps and rubber balls. The culture put an emphasis on team achievements and pride in individual accomplishments has contribute to t heir success.They have built wonderful offices to make employees feel comfortable and fun, and made the company attractive and creative. Learn Paradoxical Thinking Paradoxical thinking is not a talent. It is a skill that you can learn and practice. Paradoxical thinking is looking at a problem or a situation from different or even opposite perspectives. The core is â€Å"outside the box†, which means be open in the mind. We need openness, courage and curiosity to think paradoxically. Openness means that we need to pay attention on our ideas that seem to be ridiculous and be open to learning new subjects.Be brave to try a totally different approach to what you are doing. Be curious about everything, especially that you have been ignoring for granted. Always ask yourself â€Å"Can I change this into the exact opposite? † Being a paradox thinker need to be skeptical. The more skeptical you are the better a paradox thinker you will be. Do not take for granted what others ac cept as a routine (K. R. Ravi). The eight skills related to intelligence are memory, logic, judgment, perception, intuition, reason, imagination and paradoxical thinking.Paradoxical thinking is often regarded as the least used of these skills. This is because that companies that survive hold rational views. While paradoxical thinking involves the ability to reverse, manipulate, combine, synthesize opposites (K. R. Ravi). It is hard to accept paradox for people that cannot live with two seemingly contradictory forces at the same time. Summary We live in a complex world which is full of paradox. It is very important for us to learn paradoxical thinking. (T. Belasen) By thinking paradoxically, we can find new opportunities, improve our performance.For management and leadership, paradoxical thinking means try opposite ways, and find the expectation in these ways. For example, the Greyhound bus line have gone through a very tough time because of the Green Tortoise. The Green Tortoise lin e's price is half of that of Greyhound. It is hard for Greyhound to compete with Green Tortoise on price. Instead of reducing the journey time and cost, the owner of Greyhound increased the journey time from four days to six days. This is trying a opposite way. Since he is more familiar about this place than the Green Tortoise does, he added more ‘fun' into the six days trip.His fun trip strategy gave him a new opportunity and changed travel into a pleasure industry. References â€Å"Our History in Depth† . Google Inc. (2012, October 21). Retrieved from http://www. google. com/about/company/history Gube, J. (2009, September 12). Popular Search Engines in the 90's:Then and Now. Retrieved from http://sixrevisions. com/web_design/popular-search-engines-in-the-90s-then-and-now/ Helft, M. (2009, March 11). Google to Offer Ads Based on Interests. The New York Times. K. R. Ravi. (n. d. ). Paradoxical Thinking. Retrieved from http://www. krravi. com/PARADOXICALTHINKING. df Scho nfeld, E. (2008, January 9). â€Å"Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes a day, and Growing†. Retrieved from TechCrunch. Stross, R. (2008). Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know. New York: Free Press. T. Belasen, A. (n. d. ). Paradoxes and Leadership Roles. Walker, A. (2011, November). ‘Creativity loves constraints': The paradox of Googles twenty percent time. Ephemera: Theory & Politics in Organization, pp. 369-386. Westenholz, A. (1993). Paradoxical Thinking and Change in the Frames of Reference. Organization Studies, pp. 37-58.

Opportunities to work from home

Uncovering legitimate work from home opportunities in Canada We here at the Employment and Education Centre recognize that there are many capable and talented people who for a variety of reasons are looking for legitimate opportunities to earn a living from home. To support our clients who have a need and interest in creating a work from home situation we decided to do some research. Are there legitimate opportunities to find employment from home? How do you separate the real opportunities from the scams? What kind of work is available? These are Just a few of the questions we wanted to find answers to.We have worked elegantly to research, dig, and verify the information presented here. We Goggled a variety of terms, read articles, followed links, checked information on the WHO'S database, and then reached out to the companies presented below. Here are some symbols to guide you: Connected with the company via email, chat or telephone Link from a good source and requires further resea rch Be advised that this information comes from research on our part but we do not verify or warrant any of these sites. We are sharing this information with you and it is now your responsibility to pick up and continue to do the research.Our Professional Employment Counselors are here to support you in developing the skills and abilities to find work that suits and supports your life goals. We look forward to working with you, so please call, stop in or email us. Sincerely, The Employment and Education Centre Team 0 2012 The Employment and Education Centre 2 TELEPHONE BASED WORK Agents / Sales Lexicon Communications From their website: Lexicon Communications is looking for customer service representatives to be Independent telephone contractors, working from home.We are excited to further expand this opportunity across Canada. We offer phone opportunities (as little as 20 hrs per week up to 60 hours per week) for contractors to service the largest Communication Company in Canada. W age: $1 1. 35/hour & $12. 35 depending on your selection of shifts Payments are made to you on the 13th and the 28th of each month by direct deposit Requirements: Ability to work from home as a remote agent Availability to work a minimum of 20 hours per week between the hours of am-am with 4 of these hours on the weekend- $1 1. 5 per hour. We also have an evening option that does not require weekend work- $12. 35 per hour Complete a Voice audition Background Check (we will provide the location to complete) Windows based Computer with XP Service Pack 3 or Windows 7 High-Speed Internet service Dedicated Phone Line Approved headset http://www. Licentiousness's. Com/3201/index. HTML Transom – Home Agent Option From their website: Transom is a global employer in an industry that depends upon strong, resourceful, talented people.In return for commitment, hard work and talent we offer competitive salaries and benefits, high quality training and opportunities to forge a career in a p rogressive, client focused business. Http://careers. Transom. Com/ To go Job Search, Go to Location & select Home Agent Canada to apply 3 Contract World From their website: The World Of Work-At-Home Jobs Begins Here Contractor. Jobs is the website at the center of the expanding world of contract work for home-based customer service agents. There's nothing quite like it.The site was first launched 5 years ago in Canada and now has over 50,000 members from all across thriving new I-J based agent community at Contractor. Co. UK. Home-based agents are finding helipad, interesting work from the growing list of call enters who recruit on-line at Contractor. Jobs. Depending on who you decide to contract with you will need to invest anywhere from $30 to $300 to be trained. If you pass the training you are guaranteed work. Anne-Marie Some of North America's largest companies are recruiting right now and there's certainly a lot more companies and contracts to come. Http://'. NM. N. Ml. Contra dictoriness/work_at_home_]bobs_Canada/01 _home/ work_at_home_]bobs_ho me. HTML Alpine Access Canada We understand that Alpine Access pays From their website: When hired by Alpine you for the time you spend in training. Access, you are an employee – not an independent contractor. We are committed to you and believe that an employer-employee relationship creates the best experience for you and our clients. We've found that when our employees feel valued and excited about work, they provide great service to customers. HTTPS://]bobs. Alpenstock. Mom/work-home/employee-benefits/Canada The following are links that we found and more research is needed to see if the opportunities exist. NCO Virtual – http://www. Inconvertible. Com/index. HTML Divans – http://field. Divans. Ca/en/ Marketing – http://www. Racketing. Com/careers. HTML Converged – wry. Converges. Com/careers 4 Medical, legal and insurance transcription services from home Way With Words From th eir website: TRANSCRIPTION: APPLY TO WORK FOR US Our application process is simple yet challenging. Only between 2% – 5% of our applicants pass our assessments as we take the applicants' English-language skills very seriously.To apply to work for us as a transcriber please click here. PROOFREADING: APPLY TO WORK FOR US To apply to work with us as a proofreader, please submit your C.v. proofreader(at)weatherproofing. Com. Should you like to apply to work for us as a transcription proofreader (audio transcript proffer) please download the following sound file and request the test transcript. Instructions will be emailed to you. CAPTIONING: REGISTER WITH US To be considered for our register of capacitors in future, please submit your C.V. to captioning(at)weatherproofing. Com.Note: Only experienced individuals with own computer, internet access and appropriate captioning software need apply. Http:// www. Watchwords. Info/ Obstetrician From their website: Obstetrician Job Applica tion please complete all parts of this application, including the requested transcription sample. Thank you. Interesting to note that the head office is located in Cape Town, South Africa – they contract with Canadians regularly. Key facts about being a transcription with Obstetrician: 1. We pay $0. 50 per audio minute 2. We pay weekly via Papal for work completed the prior week 3.Work your own hours 4. Join a fun growing team! Http://www. Obstetrician. Com/ 5 Accent's From their website: Medical Transcription – Accent's Inc. , a leading provider of independent physicians across Canada, has ongoing requirements for experienced Canadian medical transcriptions/editors to work as independent contractors from home. Http://www. Accent's. Ca/careers/Canadian. PH Terra Nova From their Website: Terra Nova prides itself on hiring talented employees who support its mission of delivering high quality results and best-in-class service to each customer.

Aurochs essays

Aurochs essays The buffalo-like Aurochs (Bos taurus primigenius) once roamed over European plains with might and dignity, before its extinction at the hands of human hunters. Also known as the wild ox, the Aurochs grazed the fields of Central Europe and the Baltic coast, although most recently it was restricted to Poland, Lithuania and Prussia. In appearance, the male Aurochs was described as a fearsome animal. Measuring over 180 cm (710 in) at the withers, the bull Aurochs would stand taller than almost any hunter, and the species was not a pacific one. Fiercely territorial, bull Aurochs would attack almost any predator who entered their domicile, and despite its massive size, an Aurochs can move very quickly. (1) The Aurochs was covered in thick dark hair, usually black or brown in color, with a lighter colored ridge or ruff running the length of the spine. The facial structure of the Aurochs was most like that of the present day Spanish bull, with dark, tear shaped eyes, small tufted ears, a cro wn of hair on the scalp and a rather short snout. Aurochs also had a very impressive set of horns, which swept forward and spread out away from the face. These horns could often reach the length of 81 cm (32 in), and were used as decorative ornaments by hunters. (2) The thick neck of the Aurochs was also protected by a layer of fat, to better prevent and deter goring during the mating season. Like modern bulls, the Aurochs had a tufted tail, however, unlike modern day descendants, the Aurochs had more muscular and larger legs. This enabled it to cover ground easily. Males weighed up to 1000 kg (approx. 2200 pounds), while females were much lighter, approximately 700 kg (approx. 1500 lbs). In comparison, modern day cows measure at 141 cm (56 in) and weight in at 770 kg (1700 lb). (3) Although the Aurochs massive size ensured that very few predators would be willing to attack it, even in packs, size only made the species more appealing to man. ...

Happy Yuletide!

Happy Yuletide! Happy Yuletide! Happy Yuletide! By Maeve Maddox Today is a day that has been important to human beings from time immemorial. For ancient English speakers, it was Yule. Even now people refer to â€Å"the Yuletide season†and sing about the Yule log. Spelled Geola in Old English, Yule is a very ancient English word. Before the English adopted the Roman calendar along with Christianity, Yule corresponded to the months of December and January. What we call December was Aerra Geola, â€Å"before Yule,† and January was Afterra Geola, â€Å"following Yule.† The festival of Yule fell between. Yule was an ancient Germanic solstice celebration that began on or around December 25. The Yule log was burned on the family hearth. A portion of it was saved, kept in the house all year, and used to light the next year’s Yule log. It was a token of prosperity for the household. The expression â€Å"Yuletide season† is redundant. Yuletide means â€Å"Yule season.† The Old English element tide means â€Å"point or portion of time.† And speaking of time, the â€Å"twelve days of Christmas† as used by merchants seem to be the last twelve shopping days before Christmas. In the church calendar, the twelve days of Christmas are the days between the birth of Jesus on December 25 and the arrival of the Wise Men on January 6. The Anglo-Saxon year Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfSupervise vs. Monitor

Slavery and the Mississippi Secession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Slavery and the Mississippi Secession - Essay Example Using that as the basis, they argued that the Union was taking away their right to own said property and land; and taking the ability to succeed in commerce with the property owned. They felt the Union had interfered with their ownership by allowing escaped slaves to take fugitive in the Free states, by denying protection to the slave ships on the high seas, and removing the ability to acquire more land. In President Lincoln's inaugural address, he specifically addressed the slavery issue with this statement: "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so." In fact, the emancipation proclamation did not necessarily free all slaves but those who lived within the Union States. President Lincoln was much more interested in preserving the Union of the United States and felt the South had no right to just arbitrarily seceded: "Again: If the United States be not a government proper, but an association of States in the nature of contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably unmade by less than all the parties who made it One party to a contract may violate it-break it, so to speak-but does it not require all to lawfully rescind it" There is particular irony between the reason statement: "It advocates negro equality, socially and politically, and promotes insurrection and incendiarism in our midst." and the further reason statement: "It has enlisted its press, its pulpit and its schools against us, until the whole popular mind of the North is excited and inflamed with prejudice." followed by the announcement: "Utter subjugation awaits us in the Union, if we should consent longer to remain in it." (Readings # 109, p. 406) In the first statement, written as one of the reasons for the declaration of secession, they claim that the Union was promoting equality among the slaves, and promoting the slaves to violence if necessary. Within the same document the authors cite their own personal freedoms as reason to secede. But the majority of the document is about how the north (or the Union) is treating the south (or the Confederate States) as non-equal members telling them what they may or may not do. The document descri bes that the result of following the Union dictates would be utter social ruin and complete loss of property, valued at 4 billion dollars. Looking at the value only, one could understand their desire to remove themselves from the Union and by the same token, one could understand the desire of the north not to lose such value. Abraham Lincoln summed it up better in his Gettysburg address, which was written after the start of the Civil War: "All men are created equal." "This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." November 19, 1863 "A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union" Reading 109. Third Edition. Readings in U. S. History to

Plato's design systems that reduce the apparent irregularities in the Essay - 2

Plato's design systems that reduce the apparent irregularities in the motions of the planets to regular motions in perfectly regular cicles - Essay Example But it is very difficult to let go of traditional beliefs and very often people cannot recognize anything that is not correct scientifically or morally. â€Å"In The Sleepwalkers, Koestler traced what he thought to be the mainstream of the development of science through exquisitely researched and written biographies of some of sciences leading figures.† (Adler) Plato writes in his book ‘Republic’ that stars form a section of the ‘visible world’ which it not real or actual world. While being very beautiful they are a ‘copy of the real world’. For Plato real world is the ‘world of ideas’. He would rather study the stars in abstract than find about their rotation and revolution. Only by paying full attention to the intellectual can we in actual understand and capture the essence of astronomy. Plato was a very prominent scientist till the last years of twelfth century. But he lost to Aristotle for two hundred years. Plato did make a comeback but both these scientists complemented each other. For Plato change goes hand in hand with deterioration and he describes the creation as â€Å" story of the successiveemergence ofeven lower and less worth forms of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ the ladder which he climbs down starts from god to ‘the world of reality’ which is made up of ‘perfect form and ideas’. Then comes ‘the world of appearance’ that is a pale reproduction of the real world. Plato believes in the philosophy of decline and devolution rather than that of growth by ascent. To judge whether Platois sarcastic or is to be believed word for word or symbolically is very difficult. Plato hated change and looked down upon the idea of evolution and changeability. The middle ages echoed this along with its simultaneous desire for everlasting and unchanging flawlessness. The author is very critical of Plato and his view seems like a tunnel vision phenomena, but he feels that this is ‘what he came to mean to a long row of future generations- the one sided

British Liberation Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

British Liberation Movement - Essay Example In order to be able to better understand about Gay Liberation (Gay Lib), not only does the history of this issue have to be discussed, but as well the present state that it is in, and what has come from it. The aim of this paper is to discuss the matter of Gay Liberation, as well as any and all key and related issues surrounding it, in order to allow us to attain a more knowledgeable and informed understanding on it overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Gay Liberation is a term which is used to describe the radical lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered movement, which took place from the late 1960s to the mid 1970s. This was not only a movement which took place in North America, but also Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. In regards to the history of Gay Liberation, there are basically two different categories that can be considered: Gay Liberation during the first half of the 20th century, and Gay Liberation during the second half of the 20th century. ... fferent from the way that it had been during the first have of the 20th century, as a series of different developments took place during this time, developments which truly led to the creation of a gay liberation movement. It is truly fascinating just how much the way that homosexuality was looked at changed during the latter part of the 20th century, as it seemed to instantly go from being looked at as a horrific sin to being an issue that was not a deal to worry about at all. There are many different milestones that took place throughout the 20th century in regards to Gay Liberation, and the changes that took place from these milestones was incredibly far-reaching. For instance, the ban that had previously been put on the employment of homosexuals in most federal jobs was lifted, police harassment was sharply contained, and as well many large cities began to include sexual orientation in their civil rights statutes. Lisa Power is a woman who joined the Terrence Higgins Trust in 1996 as the Health Advocacy Team Manager, where she organized health promotion and information for people with HIV, and as well she developed the organization's work on new HIV treatments and with African communities in the UK. She has consistently been involved with human rights campaigns all throughout her life, first as a writer and activist for gay and lesbian rights and then, since the 1980s, in HIV and sexual health. One of Power's most respected and well-known books, No Bath but Plenty of Bubbles: An Oral History of the Gay Liberation Front, 1970-73, is a literary work which discusses the matter of gay liberation and how the Gay Liberation Front dragged homosexuality 'out of the closet', and into the public eye. It discusses all of the important issues, from how and when London

Magic Methyl Effect: Transition Metal Catalyzed

Magic Methyl Effect: Transition Metal Catalyzed The insertion of a methyl group, the smallest alkyl group, into a C-H bond has been shown to enhance such pharmacological charactistics as bioavailability and potency.1 Traditionally, incorporation of a methyl group into a bioactive compound has required lengthy de novo synthesis. Consequently, synthetic reactions that allow late-stage installation of methyl groups into advanced intermediates are of great potential value in the pharmaceutical industry. In the past two decades interest in directed C−H activation followed by the methylation led to the development of strategies which use precious metals catalysts forarenes ortho-functionalizations.2, 3 Currently, only a few reactions exist which enable such transformations to be achieved in a single step,1, 4 highlighting the difficulty in converting a C-H bond to C-Me bond. Most of these methods require heavy loadings of precious metal catalysts to obtain the desired methylated product (Scheme 1).4 Moreover, some of them use hazardous and toxic methylating reagents1 with strongly basic reaction media what results in a limited scope1,4 and the uncontrolled formation of both mono- and dimethylated products.2 This reflects the need for new methylation methods which will overcome mentioned limitations. Scheme 1. Ortho-methylation with precious metal To address the toxicity and expense of the precious metal catalysis, first row metal-catalyzed C−H functionalization has recently been recognized as a straightforward and a powerful tool for the formation of Csp2 Csp3 bonds in modern organic synthesis. In addition first row transition metals introduce interesting mechanistic possibilities for ortho-methylation; they are readily available and relatively low toxicity.1, 4 Recently Lu and co-workers reported the cobalt (II)-catalyzed direct C-H methylation of unactivated (hetero)arenes using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the methyl source, base and most importantly as an oxidant. Cobalt mediated C-H functionalization is a maturing field; however, there exist only two examples of its application to methylation of aromatics, using N-methyl-1-naphthamide and benzo[h]quinolone substrates respectively. The reaction proved to be mild, functional group tolerant and uses a less toxic methylating reagent. The paper reports effective access to a range of ortho-methylated (hetero)aromatic carboxamides (Scheme 2).5 Scheme 2. Ortho-methylation with cobalt catalysts Chatani and co-workers reported the use of aryltrimethylammonium bromide and iodide as new methylating reagents in conjunction with nickel-catalyzed C-H bond activation (Scheme 3). Changing from a palladium6 catalyst to nickel makes the ammonium salt act as a methyl source rather than aryl source for a range of 8-aminoquinoline aryl amides. Unfortunately harsh conditions make it difficult to control the selectivity between mono- and dimethylation at the ortho positions in some cases.7 Scheme 3. Ortho-methylation with nickel catalyst using aryltrimethylammonium iodide as methylating reagent Nakamura and co-workers have reported two separate iron-catalyzed conditions seemingly solving a lot of issues associated with the previous examples. The direct C-H methylation reaction with a picolinoyl or 8-aminoquinolyl directing groups, an iron/diphospine catalyst, and inexpensive 2,3-dichlorobutane as an oxidant furnished an efficient, robust reaction (Scheme 4).8 Unfortunately the method relies upon superstoichiometric methyl equivalents in the form of the pyrophoric trimethylaluminum. Scheme 4. Ortho-methylation with iron catalyst using trimethylaluminum as methyl source Nakamura and co-workers further optimized the iron-catalyzed C-H methylation reaction by screening ligands.9 The tridentate phosphine ligand NMe2-TP in combination with Fe(acac)3 catalyzed the ortho C-H methylation of simple aromatic carbonyl compounds without requiring additional directing groups. This reaction showed wide substrate generality, functional group tolerance, and resistance to catalytic poisons taking advantage of functional groups inherent to the advanced intermediates (Scheme 4).9 This seminar will discuss the scope and limitations of these recently published methods, and assess the progress towards developing general solutions to the challenge of late-stage methyl incorporation. References: Schà ¶nherr H., Cernak T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 12256 Lyons T. W., Sanford M. S. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1147 Snieckus V. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 879 Yan G., Borah A. J., Wang L. and Yanga M. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2015, 357, 1333 Li Q., Li Y., Hu W., Hu R., Li G. and Lu H. Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 12286 Zhu F., Tao J.-L., Wang Z.-X. Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 4926 Uemura T., Yamaguchi M., and Chatani N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 128, 3214 Shang R., Ilies L, and Nakamura E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 7660 Shang R., Ilies L. and Nakamura E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 10132 Minds, Brains And Programs: Analysis Minds, Brains And Programs: Analysis Searle is arguing that a computer couldnt understand Chinese. Is this the right way to describe the view that Searle is arguing for in Minds, Brains, and Programs? If not, why not? In his Chinese Room argument, Searle observes that if manipulating Chinese symbols according to formal rules is insufficient for the person to understand Chinese, it is also insufficient for a computer to understand Chinese-both are engaging in mindless symbol manipulation. However, he isnt arguing that a computer couldnt understand Chinese, but rather that their programs themselves cant understand Chinese-symbol manipulation isnt constitutive of or sufficient for minds. Searle is not arguing that computers/machines cant think. In fact, he believes that only a machine can think (namely brains and machines that have the same causal powers as brains); he says that brains are machines, and brains think. However, according to Searle, whether something thinks depends not only on the program that it is running but also its hardware-the nature of the thing running the program. Simply implementing a program that is formally isomorphic to human thought processes, as in the Chinese Room example, is insufficient for intentionality and consequently thought (in this case, understanding Chinese) since a program can be instantiated without mental states-essentially, Searles argument is that formal computations on symbols cannot themselves produce thought. What is the systems response to the Chinese Room argument? Is Searle correct to think that the response begs the question because it assumes that the system understands Chinese? The systems response to the Chinese Room argument acknowledges that the man running the program does not understand Chinese. However, he is a part of a larger system that is comprised of the complete set of components that is necessary for answering the Chinese questions, and which as a whole does understand Chinese. Simply asserting that although the man wouldnt understand Chinese the whole system would, does beg the question. However, Searle is incorrect to think that the complete systems response begs the question-it counters Searles argument by observing that the Chinese room argument is logically invalid, being as its conclusion does not follow logically from its premise. Inferring that the system of which the man is a component does not understand Chinese from the premise that the man himself does not understand Chinese is invalid, because there is no logical connection between the premise and the conclusion. What is the point of Searles Chinese Gym example? What do you think the right response to it is? In his Chinese Gym example, Searle illustrates a hypothetical Chinese gym, populated by monolingual English speakers that follow instructions in English to collectively produce output indistinguishable from that of native Chinese speakers. It is analogous to the Chinese Room example but with more people and involves parallel processing-it can perform many computations at a time. Its purpose is to oppose Strong AI. Searles main argument is that it is self-evident that the only things occurring in the Chinese gym are meaningless syntactic manipulations from which intentionality and subsequently thought could not conceivably arise, both individually and collectively. Using the same method in which Copeland used the systems response to defend Strong AI and respond to the Chinese Room argument, we can respond logically to the Chinese Gym example. In other words, it is invalid to infer that a system (the gym) which consists of entities that dont understand Chinese doesnt understand Chinese, from the simple premise that the entities that comprise the system dont understand Chinese. There is no logical connection between the premise and the conclusion. Question 3 No amount of knowledge of the neural basis of taste experiences (or any other physical information) will enable you to know what Marmite tastes like. Only tasting Marmite can tell you what Marmite tastes like. Why is this an objection to physicalism? Physicalism holds that everything is comprised solely of its physical properties; that is, only physical things exist and everything is explicable in terms of the physical. The Physicalist would argue, for instance, that what it is like for someone to taste Marmite is one and the same as some physical quality-knowing the pertinent physical facts of the taste of Marmite are sufficient for knowing the actual taste of Marmite itself. Therefore the statement in question is an objection to physicalism being as it implies that there arent only physical properties since only tasting Marmite can really tell you what Marmite tastes like-for every experience there exist subjective, phenomenal qualities that one could not know of solely via knowledge, but only through experience. In other words, one will have experiences for which one has no corresponding concept; experiences extend beyond simple, learnable physical qualities. This is an objection to the physicalists argument that for everything in the universe there exist only objective, physical bases for everything in the universe. How would Lewis respond to the argument in (a)? Is this a good response? The argument in (a) is analogous to the Knowledge Argument, which Lewis would respond to with the Ability Argument. His position on (a) is in the middle. He agrees that there are aspects of ability that do not consist simply of information possession, and that we do call knowledge. However, he contrasts possessing a new fact with possessing a new ability-having a new experience does not imbue an individual with any new propositional knowledge, but only a bundle of abilities (to imagine, remember and recognize: know-how). These are abilities you cannot gain except by tasting Marmite, and learning what an experience is like means gaining certain abilities-he is fine with the argument in (a), but simply distinguishes that abilities rather than special phenomenal facts are acquired via experiences. This is a good response because learning what an experience is like means gaining certain abilities but its up for grabs what, if anything, the causal basis for those abilities may represent. There is no proof that tasting Marmite is the only way to know what it tastes like as the experience allows one to acquire special phenomenal facts which cannot be represented in any other way nor taught, other forms of tasting Marmite that lead to the same brain state may exist. What is the hard problem associated with the taste of Marmite, and how does it contrast with easy problems associated with explaining taste experiences? The hard problem questions how and why neural processes lead to certain subjective experiences. In the context of tasting Marmite, it is associated with the subjective experience of the taste of Marmite-facts about conscious experience that cannot be deduced from physical facts about the functioning of the brain. The problem of explaining the subjective taste of Marmite, or why the experience even exists in the way it does, is hard. In other words the hard problem is the problem of explaining why a brain state necessary and sufficient for having the experience of tasting Marmite is correlated with the experience of tasting Marmite and not with some other experience. Here we have no conceptions of how physical goings-on give rise to experiences. This contrasts with the easy problem of experiences, which concerns the objective mechanisms of the cognitive system-everything can be solved or explained in terms of neurological or physical goings-on that stimulate certain responses. In the context of taste experiences, the easy question would state that the experiences come into existence simply when neurotransmitters activate taste buds.

Sleep, Dreams and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Sleep, Dreams and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder The discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep suggested that sleep was not, as it was thought to be, a dormant state but rather a mentally dynamic one. Your brain is, in fact, very active in this state, almost to the level at which it is when a person is awake. Yet during this active stage in which most dreams occur, the movements of the rest of the body are completely stilled. To imagine this paralysis during dreams not occurring is a frightful image, since in many cases dreams are violent and active. When the neurotransmitters that control the movement of the body do not work properly the person develops REM sleep behavioral disorder (RBD). While we are sleeping the sensory world is essentially revolving around us without our knowledge. Our senses of hearing, touch, taste, sight, and smell no longer function as they do when we are awake. Except for the threshold for each of these senses that each of us has while we sleep, our inner systems are working essentially free of input from the outside world. And yet people are able to have vivid dreams. The cortex can only pass into sleep mode with the help of the are of the brain called the thalamus. The thalamus is one of the two structures that make up the diencephalon, the lower part of the fore brain. Its main function in mammals is as the relay station of sensory information its way to the cortical center. Specific regions of the thalamus, as well as different nuclei process different sensory information on its way to the cortex. In normal sleeping patterns a person usually passes through five phases of sleep, the fifth being REM. The sleeping human passes cyclically through these five phases throughout a night's rest. These phases can be defined in electrical activity of the brain; much like the activity of the heart is often defined. The technique of measuring the electrical activity of the brain is call Electro-encephalogram, or EEG. When the electrical events of a person's brain are graphed on a electrical magnitude versus time axis the graph of a person who is in different stages of being asleep or awake appear to have different levels of electrical activity occurring in the brain. (See (14)) During the cycle of the phases each lasts for a different period of time during the time we are sleeping.

Essay About Literature Essay

Literature is timeless, it endured all the changes of the past and is still is being appreciated till the present time and will still be as time goes by.  Literature exists in every country, in every language, and in every period but each has its own uniqueness that stands out for their styles. It exceeds time; literary works of famous people regardless of what period in time they came from is still being appreciated, if not more than when the period it is from. Literary works from the early periods had undergone different adaptations by the later periods to preserve the author’s great work, the ideas, and the creativity they instil in every words to make it live through time. There is a purpose for reading literary works – to entertain and educate its readers or audience. Reading, for example, a novel is just like watching a movie in a very slow pace; reading can make you cry, laugh, smile, get angry and whatnot just like watching a movie; reading lets us imagine the characters, the settings, and what happens in the story. As it entertains us, it also educates us and teaches us about life experiences that we might encounter, and the morals that we should possess. Other literary works inform us about happenings in daily life which also falls in educating the readers. There are different types of literary works, it doesn’t just end with reading materials, and it can also be in a form of a song and a play. It can be performed in front of people or just enjoyed by oneself; it has different genres to offer to different interests of people. Literature is everywhere and in any time and it knows no bounds.